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Modular Airborne FireFighting System
The Modular Airborne FireFighting System or MAFFS is a self-contained unit used for aerial firefighting that can be loaded onto a C-130 Hercules, a military cargo transport, which then allows the aircraft to be used as an air tanker against wildfires.〔(MAFFS system description, U.S. Forest Service web site )〕 This allows the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) to use military aircraft from the Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve to serve as an emergency backup resource to the civilian air tanker fleet.〔〔("Modular Airborne FireFighting Systems", U.S. Forest Service web site )〕
==Development==
Congress established the MAFFS program after the 1970 Laguna Fire overwhelmed the existing aviation firefighting resources.〔 The USFS was directed to develop a program in cooperation with the Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve to produce the equipment, training and operational procedures to integrate military air tankers into the national response system. The Engineered Systems Division of FMC Corporation (Santa Clara, CA) was contracted to design, build and test the modular tank system that would enable a standard C-130 to be quickly converted into a tanker. Initial flight tests with a prototype two-tank installation began in July 1971.〔Francillon 1993, pp. 73–74.〕 Subsequent systems were fabricated by Aero Union of Chico, California.
The MAFFS consists of a series of five pressurized fire retardant tanks with a total capacity of and associated equipment which is palletized and carried in the aircraft's cargo bay.〔 In addition to the retardant tanks, each module contains a pressure tank where compressed air is stored at 1200 psi. The control module includes the master control panel, the loadmaster's seat, and discharge valves. An air compressor module provides air pressure for charging the system; it stays at the airtanker base during air operations and is used to recharge the system between runs. Each unit weighs about . It can be installed in any C-130-E or -H equipped with the USAF 463L cargo-handling system.〔
Air tankers are categorized by their retardant capacity, and although the MAFFS capacity is just under , a MAFFS C-130 is considered a Type 1 air tanker, which is the largest class.〔(Air tanker listing by type, from Associated Airtanker Pilots website )〕 Retardant exits through two tubes which extend out the plane's aft cargo bay doors. The system can disperse all 2,700 gallons in five seconds over a fire, producing a fire line that is wide and a quarter mile long. It can then be reloaded in eight minutes.〔〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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